摘要 :
The FELIX 3D Display belongs to the class of volumetric displays using the swept volume technique. It is designed to display images created by standard CAD applications, which can be easily imported and interactively transformed i...
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The FELIX 3D Display belongs to the class of volumetric displays using the swept volume technique. It is designed to display images created by standard CAD applications, which can be easily imported and interactively transformed in real-time by the FELIX control software. The images are drawn on a spinning screen by acousto-optic, galvanometric or polygon mirror deflection units with integrated lasers and a color mixer. The modular design of the display enables the user to operate with several equal or different projection units in parallel and to use appropriate screens for the specific purpose. The FELIX 3D Display is a compact, light, extensible and easy to transport system. It mainly consists of inexpensive standard, off-the-shelf components for an easy implementation. This setup makes it a powerful and flexible tool to keep track with the rapid technological progress of today. Potential applications include imaging in the fields of entertainment, air traffic control, medical imaging, computer aided design as well as scientific data visualization. The FELIX 3D project team has evolved from a scientific working group of students and teachers at a normal High School in Germany. Despite minor funding resources within this non-commercial group considerable results have been achieved.
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摘要 :
The two basic classes of volumetric displays are swept volume techniques and static volume techniques. During several years of investigations on swept volume displays within the FELIX 3D Project we learned about some significant d...
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The two basic classes of volumetric displays are swept volume techniques and static volume techniques. During several years of investigations on swept volume displays within the FELIX 3D Project we learned about some significant disadvantages of rotating screens, one of them being the presence of hidden zones, and therefore started investigations on static volume displays two years ago with a new group of high school students. Systems which are able to create a space-filling imagery without any moving parts are classified as static volume displays. A static setup e.g. a transparent crystal describes the complete volume of the display and is doped with optically active ions of rare earths. These ions are excited in two steps by two intersecting IR-laser beams with different wavelengths (two-frequency, two-step upconversion) and afterwards emit visible photons. Suitable host materials are crystals, various special glasses and in future even polymers. The advantage of this approach is that there are only very little hidden zones which leads to a larger field of view and a larger viewing zone, the main disadvantage is the small size of the currently used fluoride crystals. Recently we started working with yttrium-lithium-fluoride (YLiF_4) crystals, which are still very small but offer bright voxels with less laser-power than necessary in CaF_2 crystals. Potential applications are for example in medical imaging, entertainment and computer aided design.
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摘要 :
The two basic classes of volumetric displays are swept volume techniques and static volume techniques. During several years of investigations on swept volume displays within the FELIX 3D Project we learned about some significant d...
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The two basic classes of volumetric displays are swept volume techniques and static volume techniques. During several years of investigations on swept volume displays within the FELIX 3D Project we learned about some significant disadvantages of rotating screens, one of them being the presence of hidden zones, and therefore started investigations on static volume displays two years ago with a new group of high school students. Systems which are able to create a space-filling imagery without any moving parts are classified as static volume displays. A static setup e.g. a transparent crystal describes the complete volume of the display and is doped with optically active ions of rare earths. These ions are excited in two steps by two intersecting IR-laser beams with different wavelengths (two-frequency, two-step upconversion) and afterwards emit visible photons. Suitable host materials are crystals, various special glasses and in future even polymers. The advantage of this approach is that there are only very little hidden zones which leads to a larger field of view and a larger viewing zone, the main disadvantage is the small size of the currently used fluoride crystals. Recently we started working with yttrium-lithium-fluoride (YLiF_4) crystals, which are still very small but offer bright voxels with less laser-power than necessary in CaF_2 crystals. Potential applications are for example in medical imaging, entertainment and computer aided design.
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摘要 :
An improved generation of our 'FELIX 3D Display' is presented. This system is compact, light, modular and easy to transport. The created volumetric images consist of many voxels, which are generated in a half-sphere display volume...
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An improved generation of our 'FELIX 3D Display' is presented. This system is compact, light, modular and easy to transport. The created volumetric images consist of many voxels, which are generated in a half-sphere display volume. In that way a spatial object can be displayed occupying a physical space with height, width and depth. The new FELIX generation uses a screen rotating with 20 revolutions per second. This target screen is mounted by an easy to change mechanism making it possible to use appropriate screens for the specific purpose of the display. An acousto-optic deflection unit with an integrated small diode pumped laser draws the images on the spinning screen. Images can consist of up to 10,000 voxels at a refresh rate of 20 Hz. Currently two different hardware systems are investigated. The first one is based on a standard PCMCIA digital/analog converter card as an interface and is controlled by a notebook. The developed software is provided with a graphical user interface enabling several animation features. The second, new prototype is designed to display images created by standard CAD applications. It includes the development of a new high speed hardware interface suitable for state-of-the- art fast and high resolution scanning devices, which require high data rates. A true 3D volume display as described will complement the broad range of 3D visualization tools, such as volume rendering packages, stereoscopic and virtual reality techniques, which have become widely available in recent years. Potential applications for the FELIX 3D display include imaging in the field so fair traffic control, medical imaging, computer aided design, science as well as entertainment.
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摘要 :
Abstract: An improved generation of our 'FELIX 3D Display' is presented. This system is compact, light, modular and easy to transport. The created volumetric images consist of many voxels, which are gene...
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Abstract: An improved generation of our 'FELIX 3D Display' is presented. This system is compact, light, modular and easy to transport. The created volumetric images consist of many voxels, which are generated in a half-sphere display volume. In that way a spatial object can be displayed occupying a physical space with height, width and depth. The new FELIX generation uses a screen rotating with 20 revolutions per second. This target screen is mounted by an easy to change mechanism making it possible to use appropriate screens for the specific purpose of the display. An acousto-optic deflection unit with an integrated small diode pumped laser draws the images on the spinning screen. Images can consist of up to 10,000 voxels at a refresh rate of 20 Hz. Currently two different hardware systems are investigated. The first one is based on a standard PCMCIA digital/analog converter card as an interface and is controlled by a notebook. The developed software is provided with a graphical user interface enabling several animation features. The second, new prototype is designed to display images created by standard CAD applications. It includes the development of a new high speed hardware interface suitable for state-of-the- art fast and high resolution scanning devices, which require high data rates. A true 3D volume display as described will complement the broad range of 3D visualization tools, such as volume rendering packages, stereoscopic and virtual reality techniques, which have become widely available in recent years. Potential applications for the FELIX 3D display include imaging in the field so fair traffic control, medical imaging, computer aided design, science as well as entertainment. !27
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摘要 :
Flat 2D screens cannot display complex 3D structures without the usage of different slices of the 3D model. Volumetricdisplays like the "FELIX 3D-Displays" can solve the problem. They provide space-filling images and are character...
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Flat 2D screens cannot display complex 3D structures without the usage of different slices of the 3D model. Volumetricdisplays like the "FELIX 3D-Displays" can solve the problem. They provide space-filling images and are characterizedby "multi-viewer" and "all-round view" capabilities without requiring cumbersome goggles. In the past many scientiststried to develop similar 3D displays. Our paper includes an overview from 1912 up to today. During several years of investigations on swept volume displays within the "FELIX 3D-Projekt" we learned about somesignificant disadvantages of rotating screens, for example hidden zones. For this reason the FELIX-Team startedinvestigations also in the area of static volume displays. Within three years of research on our 3D static volume displayat a normal high school in Germany we were able to achieve considerable results despite minor funding resources withinthis non-commercial group. Core element of our setup is the display volume which consists of a cubic transparent material (crystal, glass, orpolymers doped with special ions, mainly from the rare earth group or other fluorescent materials). We focused ourinvestigations on one frequency, two step upconversion (OFTS-UC) and two frequency, two step upconversion (TFTS-UC) with IR-Lasers as excitation source. Our main interest was both to find an appropriate material and an appropriatedoping for the display volume. Early experiments were carried out with CaF_2and YLiF_4crystals doped with 0.5 mol%Ee~(3+)-ions which were excited in order to create a volumetric pixel (voxel). In addition to that the crystals are limited to avery small size which is the reason why we later investigated on heavy metal fluoride glasses which are easier to producein large sizes. Currently we are using a ZBLAN glass belonging to the mentioned group and making it possible toincrease both the display volume and the brightness of the images significantly. Although, our display is currentlymonochrome, it is possible to create an RGB-display. For the same reasons we started tests with polymers. We were ableto achieve meaningful results which point out a new direction in the investigation on polymers. For the reasons described above, our new solid state device is one of modular design. The simplicity to change allcomponents makes it possible to do experiments with different display volumes and lasers for every specific purpose ofthe display in a very effective way. The images can be drawn inside the display volume by acousto-optic, galvanometricor polygon mirror deflection units. We control our galvanometric deflection unit with a personal computer and a self-written software which makes it easier to handle the setup and makes interactivity possible. This setup makes it apowerful and flexible tool to keep track with the rapid technological progress of today and helped us to experience thedisadvantages and the advantages of most of the possible deflection units in practice. These experiences are a mainelement in our paper and lead to some conclusions which will be of big importance in future display developments. Potential applications include imaging and computer aided design as well as scientific data visualization.
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摘要 :
Flat 2D screens cannot display complex 3D structures without the usage of different slices of the 3D model. A volumetric display, like the FELIX 3D Display can solve this problem. It provides space-filling images and is characteri...
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Flat 2D screens cannot display complex 3D structures without the usage of different slices of the 3D model. A volumetric display, like the FELIX 3D Display can solve this problem. It provides space-filling images and is characterized by "multi-viewer" and "all-round view" capabilities without requiring cumbersome goggles. The FELIX 3D Displays of the swept volume type use laser-light to project real three-dimensional images upwards a rotating screen. Because of some disadvantages using rotating parts in this setup, the FELIX Team started investigations also in the area of static volume displays. The so called, "SolidFELIX" prototypes, have transparent crystals as a projection volume. The image is created by two or one IR-laser beams. The projected images within all FELIX 3D Displays provide a fascinating, aesthetic impression through their inherent, unique three-dimensional appearance. These features of a 3D display could be combined in an interface between a virtual reality scene and the real world. Real-time interactions and animations are possible. Furthermore, the display could host an intelligent autonomous avatar that might appear within the display volume. Potential applications as a virtual reality interface include the fields of entertainment, education, art, museum exhibitions, etc. The FELIX 3D project team has evolved from a scientific working group of students and teachers at a normal high school in northern Germany. Despite minor funding resources considerable results have been achieved in the past.
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摘要 :
Flat 2D screens cannot display complex 3D structures without the usage of different slices of the 3D model. A volumetric display, like the FELIX 3D Display can solve this problem. It provides space-filling images and is characteri...
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Flat 2D screens cannot display complex 3D structures without the usage of different slices of the 3D model. A volumetric display, like the FELIX 3D Display can solve this problem. It provides space-filling images and is characterized by “multi-viewer” and “all-round view” capabilities without requiring cumbersome goggles. The FELIX 3D Displays of the swept volume type use laser-light to project real three-dimensional images upwards a rotating screen. Because of some disadvantages using rotating parts in this setup, the FELIX Team started investigations also in the area of static volume displays. The so called, “SolidFELIX” prototypes, have transparent crystals as a projection volume. The image is created by two or one IR-laser beams. The projected images within all FELIX 3D Displays provide a fascinating, aesthetic impression through their inherent, unique three-dimensional appearance. These features of a 3D display could be combined in an interface between a virtual reality scene and the real world. Real-time interactions and animations are possible. Furthermore, the display could host an intelligent autonomous avatar that might appear within the display volume.Potential applications as a virtual reality interface include the fields of entertainment, education, art, museum exhibitions, etc. The FELIX 3D project team has evolved from a scientific working group of students and teachers at a normal high school in northern Germany. Despite minor funding resources considerable results have been achieved in the past.
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